The Ensanche of Bilbao, meaning “widening” or “expansion” in Spanish, refers to the urban expansion that transformed Bilbao in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This planned development shifted the city’s center from the medieval Old Town (Siete Calles) to a more modern and spacious area on the left bank of the Nervión River.
The industrial revolution and the growth of Bilbao’s port activity necessitated this expansion. The Ensanche was designed according to a grid plan, creating wide avenues, spacious plazas, and elegant buildings, reflecting the architectural styles of the time, including Art Nouveau and Eclecticism.
Key features and attractions within the Ensanche include:
- Gran Vía Don Diego López de Haro: This grand avenue is the main artery of the Ensanche, lined with banks, shops, and impressive buildings. It serves as the commercial and financial heart of Bilbao.
- Plaza Moyúa: This circular plaza is a central hub in the Ensanche, connecting several important avenues. Its elegant architecture and central fountain make it a notable landmark.
- Teatro Arriaga: This iconic theater, named after the composer Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga, is a prominent example of neo-Baroque architecture. It hosts a variety of performances, including opera, theater, and concerts.
- Palacio de la Diputación Foral de Bizkaia: This imposing palace serves as the seat of the Biscay Provincial Council. Its grand facade and ornate interiors reflect the political and administrative importance of the building.
- Architectural Styles: The Ensanche showcases a variety of architectural styles, including Art Nouveau, Eclecticism, and Regionalism, evident in its numerous buildings and facades.
The Ensanche transformed Bilbao into a modern city, providing space for its growing population and economic activity. Today, it remains the city’s commercial, financial, and cultural center, attracting visitors with its elegant architecture, wide avenues, and vibrant atmosphere.
