The Museo Memorial del CinturĂ³n de Hierro, located in Berango, Bizkaia, is a historical site dedicated to preserving the memory and significance of the CinturĂ³n de Hierro (Iron Ring), a defensive system constructed during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) to protect Bilbao from advancing nationalist forces. This museum is a key destination for understanding the region’s role in one of the most turbulent periods of Spain’s history.
The Iron Ring was a vast labyrinthine fortification network around Bilbao, consisting of bunkers, tunnels, and fortified trenches. However, despite the extensive coverage, it was an antiquated defence concept similar to First World War fortifications, which made it vulnerable to modern warfare weapons of the time, such as aircraft and artillery. In February 1937, the engineer that coordinated the construction of the ring, Alejandro Goicoechea, crossed to the Nationalist side carrying plans and documentation. Therefore, the Iron Ring was easily overcome by Nationalist forces in the Battle of Bilbao.
The museum offers a comprehensive view of this defensive system and its historical context. Visitors can explore artifacts, photographs, and documents that provide insight into the design, construction, and operation of the fortifications. The exhibits also delve into the human stories behind the conflict, with accounts from soldiers and civilians who experienced the war firsthand.
A highlight of the museum is the reconstructed bunker, where visitors can step into a replica of the fortifications to get a sense of the conditions faced by the defenders. This immersive experience is complemented by interactive displays and audiovisual presentations that explain the broader political and military strategies at play.
The museum also serves as a starting point for guided tours to nearby remnants of the CinturĂ³n de Hierro, allowing visitors to see original sections of the fortifications, some of which remain remarkably well-preserved.
More information: https://www.cinturondehierro.eus/
