The historic center of Segura, located in the province of Gipuzkoa, is one of the best-preserved medieval town centers in the Basque Country.
Segura was founded in 1256 by the Castilian King Alfonso X the Wise. Gipuzkoa had been annexed by Castile fifty years earlier and held great strategic importance for the Castilians, as it was their only land connection to France and the rest of Europe, where the king had significant interests. Therefore, to protect the route that connected Castile with France, through the San Adrián tunnel and the Oria River valley; in an area near the border of Navarre and therefore quite dangerous, the walled town of Segura was founded. Its name of Romance origin, which was given to it by the wise king, alludes to its clear defensive function.
Segura was designed as a walled town, following the typical medieval structure of a rectangular layout with parallel streets. Although the walls have disappeared, the original structure remains intact, with its narrow streets and noble houses reflecting the town’s historical importance. Among the most remarkable civil buildings are the Palacio de Lardizábal, the Casa Ardixarra, and the Palacio de Guevara, all of which showcase traditional Basque architecture with stone facades and wooden balconies.
Religious heritage is also prominent in the town, with the Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción standing as the most significant monument. This Gothic-style church, built in the 14th century, features a fortified appearance, large ribbed vaults, and a remarkable Baroque altarpiece.
During the Middle Ages, Segura played a key role as a commercial and defensive hub. Merchants and travelers passed through its streets, contributing to its economic prosperity. However, due to its strategic location, the town was also exposed to conflicts, including battles during the War of the Bands and later the Carlist Wars.
Today, Segura preserves its historical essence through its cultural events and museums. The Casa Ardixarra, now an Interpretation Center, offers insights into the medieval history of the town. Additionally, Segura hosts the Semana Medieval, an annual event that recreates medieval traditions, attracting visitors interested in the region’s history.
