The Citadel of Pamplona is a historic military fortification and one of the most significant architectural and cultural landmarks in the capital of Navarre. Built in the 16th century, it is considered one of the best-preserved examples of Renaissance military architecture in Spain. Today, it serves as a public park and a venue for cultural events, blending history with leisure and artistic expression.
The citadel was commissioned by King Philip II of Spain in 1571 to reinforce the city’s defenses against potential invasions, particularly from France. Designed by the Italian military engineer Giovan Battista Antonelli, it followed the trace italienne or star fort model, which was widely used in Europe during that period. Its original layout was a pentagonal fortress with bastions at each corner, surrounded by a moat and additional defensive structures.
Over the centuries, modifications were made, and parts of the fortress were dismantled as Pamplona expanded. By the 19th century, the citadel lost its military function, and in the 20th century, it was repurposed as a public space. Despite these changes, significant portions of the structure remain intact, offering a glimpse into its strategic past.
Today, the Citadel of Pamplona functions as a large green space in the heart of the city, ideal for walking, sports, and leisure. It houses exhibition halls, art galleries, and cultural spaces, where temporary art exhibits, concerts, and festivals are held. The surrounding Vuelta del Castillo Park enhances the area, providing an open space frequently used by residents and visitors.
The Citadel retains some of its key structures, including the Portal de Socorro (Relief Gate), the Baluarte de Labrit, the main bastions, and several defensive walls, allowing visitors to appreciate its architectural and historical significance. Informational panels and guided tours provide deeper insight into the role the citadel played in Pamplona’s history.
More information: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortificaciones_de_Pamplona
