When & Where: On July 13, in the Col de la Pierre St Martin

The Tribute of the Three Cows (Hiru behien zerga or Tributo de las Tres Vacas) is a centuries-old ceremony held annually on July 13th at the Stone of San Martín, a historical boundary marker in the Roncal Valley, on the border between Navarre (Spain) and the French region of Béarn. It is considered one of the oldest diplomatic agreements in Europe, with its origins dating back to the 14th century.

The tradition stems from a peace treaty signed in 1375 between the inhabitants of the Roncal Valley and those of the Barétous Valley in Béarn, following long-standing disputes over grazing rights in the Pyrenees. The agreement established that the French shepherds of Barétous would pay an annual tribute of three cows to the Roncalese, thus ensuring their continued access to the pastures.

The ceremony follows a strict ritual. Representatives from both valleys, dressed in traditional attire, gather at the Stone of San Martín, a symbolic location on the border. In a solemn act, the French delegation presents the three cows, which must be in perfect condition, to the authorities of the Roncal Valley. The Roncalese mayors verify the tribute, and both parties seal the agreement by placing their right hands on the stone and proclaiming “Pax Avant!” (“Peace forward!”), reaffirming their commitment to peaceful coexistence.

The Tribute of the Three Cows is more than a simple transaction; it is a living tradition that demonstrates the continuity of customary law and the importance of cross-border cooperation. The event attracts numerous visitors and maintains its original format, reinforcing the cultural identity of both communities.

Today, the ceremony is recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage and continues to be an essential part of the historical and social fabric of the region.