The Medieval Quarter of Vitoria-Gasteiz, known locally as the Almendra (almond) due to its distinctive oval shape, represents the historical heart of the city and a remarkable example of preserved medieval urban planning. Its origins trace back to the small village of Gasteiz, founded in the 11th century on a hilltop. In 1181, King Sancho VI of Navarre granted it a charter and fortified it, giving rise to the walled town of Nueva Victoria (New Victory), later Vitoria.

The quarter’s layout reflects its medieval origins, with narrow, winding streets that follow the natural contours of the hill. This organic urban structure contrasts with the later, more planned expansions of the city. The streets are organized around the central axis of the Calle Mayor (Main Street), which historically connected the upper and lower parts of the town.

Key features and attractions within the Medieval Quarter include:

• The Walls: Although only fragments remain, the medieval walls that once encircled the town are a significant part of its history. Some sections and gates, like the Portal de Arriaga, have been preserved or reconstructed, offering glimpses into the town’s defensive past.
• Santa María Cathedral: This Gothic cathedral, built between the 14th and 16th centuries, stands on the highest point of the hill. Its imposing presence dominates the skyline of the Medieval Quarter. Excavations beneath the cathedral have revealed significant archaeological remains, providing valuable insights into the town’s earlier history.
• Plaza de la Virgen Blanca: This central square, located at the foot of the old town, is a vibrant public space and a traditional meeting point. The monument to the Battle of Vitoria stands in the square.
• Medieval Palaces and Houses: The quarter is home to numerous well-preserved medieval palaces and houses, showcasing a variety of architectural styles. These buildings, often featuring coats of arms and other decorative elements, reflect the social hierarchy and economic prosperity of the town during the Middle Ages.
• Archaeological Remains and Museums: The Archaeological Museum of Araba, located within the quarter, displays artifacts discovered during excavations in the area, providing further context to the town’s history.

Today, the Medieval Quarter of Vitoria-Gasteiz is a protected historical area and a popular tourist destination. Its well-preserved architecture, narrow streets, and rich history offer visitors a unique opportunity to experience a tangible link to the past.