When & Where: On February 4, in almost all towns and villages of the Basque Country.
The Santa Ageda festivities, celebrated annually on February 4th and 5th, are a cherished tradition in the Basque Country, honoring Saint Agatha, the Christian martyr from Sicily. Rooted in both Christian devotion and ancient Basque cultural practices, the festivities blend religious elements with folkloric traditions, making it a unique and vibrant event across the region.
Historically, Santa Ageda is revered as the patron saint of women, particularly those suffering from breast ailments, and her feast day holds significant religious importance. However, the celebrations in the Basque Country are distinct for their incorporation of pre-Christian customs, particularly linked to fertility, nature, and the cycles of life.
One of the most iconic aspects of the Santa Ageda festivities is the rounds of traditional singing, known as “Santa Ageda eske.” On the evening of February 4th, the day before Saint Agatha’s Day, groups of locals, often dressed in traditional Basque attire, roam through villages and towns singing verses in honor of the saint. These songs are performed in Euskera, accompanied by rhythmic sticks or staffs that are tapped against the ground to symbolize the connection with the earth and its fertility. Participants go from house to house, receiving small gifts or donations, such as food, money, or cider, which often contribute to communal celebrations afterward.
The event also features processions and church services on February 5th, particularly in towns where Saint Agatha is venerated. Communities gather to pay homage to the saint, seeking her protection and blessings. These religious acts are complemented by festivities, including traditional dances, music, and communal meals, fostering a sense of unity and cultural pride.
