The village of Ainhoa, located in the French Basque Country near the border with Spain, is a prime example of a traditional bastide village. Founded in the 13th century, it served as a rest stop for pilgrims traveling along the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela. Established by the monks of the Premonstratensian abbey of Urdazubi-Urdax, the village was designed as a linear settlement to accommodate travelers and trade.

Ainhoa’s layout reflects its medieval origins, with a single main street flanked by uniformly designed houses. These traditional Basque-style buildings, characterized by white facades, red or green shutters, and timber frames, provide a picturesque representation of local architecture. Many date back to the 17th and 18th centuries, having been rebuilt after the destruction caused by various conflicts, including the Thirty Years’ War.

The village’s Church of Our Lady of the Assumption is one of its architectural highlights. Built in the 13th century and expanded in later centuries, the church features a distinctive bell tower and an interior with wooden galleries typical of Basque churches. Adjacent to the church is the cemetery, notable for its traditional Basque funerary steles, which bear unique symbols and inscriptions.

Another point of interest is the fronton, a typical Basque pelota court, situated in the heart of the village. It reflects the importance of this traditional sport in local culture.

Designated as one of the “Most Beautiful Villages of France” (Les Plus Beaux Villages de France), Ainhoa offers visitors a blend of historical charm, cultural heritage, and scenic beauty, making it a must-visit destination in the Basque Country.